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|image = President Ashraf Ghani.jpg |office = President of Afghanistan |primeminister = |vicepresident = Abdul Rashid Dostum |term_start = 29 September 2014 |term_end = |predecessor = Hamid Karzai |successor = |office1 = Chancellor of the Kabul University |term_start1 = 22 December 2004 |term_end1 = 21 December 2008 |predecessor1 = Habibullah Habib |successor1 = Hamidullah Amin |office2 = Minister of Finance |term_start2 = 2 June 2002 |term_end2 = 14 December 2004 |president2 = Hamid Karzai |predecessor2 = Hedayat Amin Arsala |successor2 = Anwar ul-Haq Ahady |birth_name = Ashraf Ghani Ahmadzai |birth_date = |birth_place = Logar, Afghanistan |death_date = |death_place = |party = Independent |spouse = Rula Saade |children = 2 |alma_mater = American University of Beirut Columbia University |religion = Islam |nationality = Afghan }} Mohammad Ashraf Ghani (Pashto/(ペルシア語: محمد اشرف غنی), born 1949) is the current President of Afghanistan, elected on 21 September 2014. An anthropologist by education, he previously served as Finance Minister and the chancellor of Kabul University. Before returning to Afghanistan in 2002, President Ghani worked with the World Bank. As the Finance Minister of Afghanistan between July 2002 and December 2004, he led Afghanistan's attempted economic recovery after the collapse of the Taliban government. He is the co-founder of the Institute for State Effectiveness, an organization set up in 2005 to improve the ability of states to serve their citizens. In 2005 he gave a TED talk, in which he discussed how to rebuild a broken state such as Afghanistan.〔https://www.ted.com/talks/ashraf_ghani_on_rebuilding_broken_states〕 President Ghani is a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, an independent initiative hosted by the United Nations Development Programme. In 2013 he was ranked second in an online poll to name the world's top 100 intellectuals conducted by ''Foreign Policy'' and ''Prospect'' magazines,〔http://www.prospectmagazine.co.uk/magazine/world-thinkers-2013/#.U5I875RdUQ4〕 ranking just behind Richard Dawkins. He previously was named in the same poll in 2010. Ghani came in fourth in the 2009 presidential election, behind Hamid Karzai, Abdullah Abdullah, and Ramazan Bashardost. In the first round of the 2014 presidential election, Ghani won 31.5% of the vote, second to Abdullah who secured 45% of the votes cast. Both candidates went on to contest a run-off election, which was held on 14 June 2014 with Ghani winning 55.27% of the votes with a lead of a million votes over Abdullah. ==Early years== Ghani was born in the Logar Province of Afghanistan. He belongs to the Ahmadzai Pashtun tribe. Ghani completed his primary and secondary education in Habibia High School in Kabul. He attended the American University in Beirut, where he earned his bachelor's degree in 1973 and his Master's degree in 1977. He met his future wife, Rula Ghani while studying at the American University of Beirut. Ghani returned to Afghanistan in 1977 to teach anthropology at Kabul University before receiving a government scholarship in 1977 to pursue his Ph.D. in anthropology at Columbia University in the United States which he completed in 1982. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mohammad Ashraf Ghani」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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